In recent years, the multilateral world order has come to suffer from the resurgence of protectionism and great power rivalry that have fostered divergence and fragmentation in the global arena. Nonetheless, the growing interconnections between world economies and emerging global challenges, among which the COVID-19 pandemic, prove the need to … Read more
Recent calls by scholars for more multi-stakeholder approaches to international cooperation are a welcome effort to make international politics more inclusive, however even these approaches sometimes ignore or downplay one very important stakeholder: ordinary citizens. Public perceptions that multilateralism and global governance are dominated by elites, and therefore reflective of … Read more
As they fight the Covid-19 pandemic, countries across the world are pushed to spend big to weather the crisis. Due to their limited fiscal capacity, many lowand middle-income countries are facing debt distress which might lead to a future debt restructuring process. With the current conventional instrument of sovereign debt, … Read more
Technology and internet companies are playing an increasingly important role in international relations, effectively becoming geopolitical actors in their own right. The actions and strategies of these companies have a major impact in shaping countries’ policy options. However, the UN and other international organisations have had limited success in dealing … Read more
Multi-stakeholder partnerships are of great relevance in international development cooperation and foreign aid. Data is also critical in supporting this field, but it is difficult to obtain updated information about G20 members’ respective actions and budgets, mainly due to insufficient institutionalisation within multilateral organisations and low levels of data systematisation … Read more
Resource extraction and consumption is projected to double by 2060. However, today only 8.6% of raw materials extracted are put back into circulation, which worsens pressure on ecosystems, intensifies pollution and waste issues, and accelerates climate change. The transition from a linear to a circular economy opens a pathway for … Read more
In view of the G20 summit on October 30 and 31, 2021, the G20 engagement groups are gradually publishing their communiqués with their proposals and recommendations for the G20 member countries these days. We are documenting the final documents of these working groups. Urban 20 Urban 20 is a city … Read more
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